Nihon Shoki, Book XXX

¹The Empress Takama no hara hiro-no no hime's name as a child was the Imperial Princess Uno no Sarara. She was the second daughter of the Emperor Ame-mikoto hirakasu wake. Her mother's name was Wochi no Iratsume. [Also called Minodzuko hime.] She was of reserved manners and a liberal disposition. In the third year of the Empress Ame-toyo takara ikashihi tarashi hime, she was united to the Emperor Ame no Nunahara oki no Mabito as his consort. Although the daughter of an Emperor, she loved courtesy and economy, and was possessed of motherly virtues. In the first year of the Emperor Ame-mikoto hirakasu wake, she gave birth to His Highness the Imperial Prince Kusakabe in the palace of Ohotsu. In the tenth month of the tenth year (of the same reign) she followed the Shamon the Emperor Ame no Nunahara oki no Mabito to Yoshino in order to avoid the suspicious dislike of the Court, as has been related in the history of the Emperor Ame no Nunahara oki no Mabito. In the first year of the reign of the Emperor Ame no Nunahara oki no Mabito, summer, the sixth month, she followed the Emperor when he took refuge in the Eastern provinces. She addressed the troops and mingled with the throng, until at length they together formed a plan by which several tens of thousands of fearless men were separately ordered to take up their posts in all the most defensible positions. In autumn, the seventh month, the Mino generals acting in concert with the Yamato heroes slew the Imperial Prince Ohotomo and sent his head to be shown at the Fuha Palace. In the second year she was raised to the rank of Empress-consort. The Empress-consort from the beginning until now had assisted the Emperor in pacifying the Empire. It constantly happened that in the conduct of business, her ready advice on Government matters was of the greatest assistance.

²In the first year of Shuchō, on the ninth day of the ninth month, the Emperor Ame no Nunahara oki no Mabito died. The Empress-consort presided over the Court and exercised control.

³Winter, 10th month, 2nd day. The Imperial Prince Ohotsu's treason was discovered and he was placed under arrest. There were arrested at the same time Wotokashi, Yakuchi no Ason, of Jiki-kwō-shi rank, Hakatoko, Yuki no Muraji, of Lower Shōsen rank, and also the Ohotoneri Omi-maro, Nakatomi no Ason, Tayasu, Kose no Ason, a Silla priest named Hèng-sin, with Tobari, Toki no Michi-dzukuri, and others, more than thirty persons in all, who had been led astray by the Imperial Prince Ohotsu.

⁴3rd day. Death was bestowed on the Imperial Prince Ohotsu in his house at Wosada. He was twenty-four years of age. His consort, the Imperial Princess Yamanobe, hastened thither with her hair dishevelled and her feet bare, and joined him in death. All who witnessed sighed and sobbed.

⁵The Imperial Prince Ohotsu was the third child of the Emperor Ame no Nunahara oki no Mabito. His demeanour was noble and his language refined. He was beloved by the Emperor Ame mikoto hirakasu wake. When he grew to manhood he showed an eminent talent for learning, and was very fond of writing. The practice of composing Chinese verses had its origin with Ohotsu.

⁶29th day. An Imperial decree was issued as follows:—"The Imperial Prince Ohotsu has been guilty of treason and has led astray officials and people, so that We, within the curtain, had no alternative. The Imperial Prince Ohotsu has now perished. His followers deserve the same sentence as the Prince, but We pardon them all. Toki no Michi-dzukuri is, however, banished to Idzu." It was further decreed, saying:—"We cannot bring ourselves to inflict punishment on the Silla priest Hèng-sin, who was an accomplice in the Imperial Prince Ohotsu's treason. He is therefore exiled to the temple of the province of Hida."

⁷11th month, 16th day. The Imperial Princess Ohoku, who had been sent to attend at the shrine of Ise, returned to the capital.

⁸17th day. There was an earthquake.

⁹12th month, 19th day. On behalf of the Emperor Ame no Nunahara oki no Mabito, a universal great assembly was held in the following five Temples, viz., of the Great Palace, of Asuka, of Kahara, of Toyora in Woharida, and of Sakata.

¹⁰26th day. Presents of cloth and silk stuffs of various values were made to the orphans, to the childless and widowed, and to the aged people of the capital.

¹¹Intercalary 12th month. The Viceroy of Tsukushi sent as tribute common people, both men and women, of the three countries of Koryö, Pèkché, and Silla, and also sixty-two priests and nuns.

¹²In this year a serpent and a dog copulated. Presently they both died together.

¹³1st year, Spring, 1st month, 1st day. The Prince Imperial, accompanied by the Ministers and public functionaries, proceeded to the Palace of temporary interment and made lament. The Nagon Miaruji Fuse no Ason performed the ceremony of pronouncing a eulogy. When the eulogy was over they all raised a lament. Next the common people made lament. Upon this Mabito, Ki no Ason, and others of the High Stewards of the Palace, made offerings of food. When this was done, the Uneme of the Steward's Department raised a lament. Then music was performed by the officials of the Department of Music.

¹⁴5th day. The Prince Imperial, accompanied by the Ministers and public functionaries, proceeded to the Palace of temporary interment and made lament. The common people followed and raised lamentation.

¹⁵15th day. Presents of various values, of coarse silk and floss silk, were given to those residents of the capital who were eighty years of age or more, to invalids whose cases were grave, and to poor persons who were unable to support themselves.

¹⁶19th day. Norimaro, Tanaka no Ason, of Jiki-kwō-shi rank, with Karita, Mori no kimi, of Tsui-dai-ni rank, and others were sent to Silla to announce the Emperor's decease.

¹⁷3rd month, 15th day. Fifty-six immigrants from Koryö were settled in the province of Hitachi. They were given lands, received an allowance of grain, and made to pursue their avocations in peace.

¹⁸20th day. An ornamental chaplet was offered at the Palace of temporary interment. This was called Mikage.

¹⁹On this day, Maro, Tajihi no Mabito, performed the ceremony of pronouncing a eulogy.

²⁰22nd day. Fourteen immigrants from Silla were settled in the province of Shimotsukenu. They were given land and received an allowance of grain, and made to pursue their avocations in peace.

²¹Summer, 4th month, 10th day. The Viceroy of Tsukushi presented priests, nuns and common people, men and women, twenty-two persons, immigrants from Silla. They were settled in the province of Musashi, where they were granted lands and an allowance of grain, and were made to follow their avocations in peace.

²²5th month, 22nd day. The Prince Imperial, accompanied by the Ministers and public functionaries, proceeded to the Palace of temporary interment and made lamentation. On this occasion, the chiefs of the Hayato and of Ata in Ohosumi, each accompanied by his people, advanced in turn and pronounced a eulogy.

²³6th month, 28th day. Criminals were pardoned.

²⁴Autumn, 7th month, 2nd day. A decree was issued as follows:—"Interest may not be received on any debts contracted during or previous to the year Kinoto Tori. In cases where creditors have already the personal service of their debtors, they may not exact (additional) service (by way of) interest.

²⁵9th day. Presents of various values were given to the chiefs of the Hayato and of Ata in Ohosumi, 337 persons in all.

²⁶8th month, 5th day. Offerings of food were made at the Palace of temporary interment. On this day (nothing but) fine boiled rice was offered.

²⁷6th day. The aged people of the capital, both men and women, all drew near and made lamentation west of the bridge.

²⁸28th day. The Empress sent Ohoshima, Fujihara no Ason, of Jiki-dai-shi rank, and Ohotomo Kibumi no Muraji, of Jiki-dai-shi rank, to invite together 300 Riu-zō and Dai-toku to the Temple of Asuka, and to present to each a priestly robe, saying:—"This was made of the august garments of the Emperor Ame no Nunahara oki no Mabito." The language of the Imperial message was so pathetic that it may not be set forth in full.

²⁹9th month, 9th day. A national feast of vegetable food was given in the Temples of the capital.

³⁰10th day. A maigre entertainment was given at the Palace of temporary interment.

³¹22nd day. Silla sent Prince Kim Sang-him, Kim Sal-mo, of Keupson rank, Kim In-syul, of Keupson rank, and the Tè-sya So Yang-sin to petition the Emperor (for advice) regarding the Government of that country and to offer tribute. The student-priest Chi-ryu arrived along with them. The Viceroy of Tsukushi having informed Sang-nim and his colleagues of the Emperor's decease, they all on that same day put on mourning, and with their faces turned to the East made obeisance three times, and three times raised lamentation.

³²Winter, 10th month, 22nd day. The Prince Imperial, accompanied by the Ministers and public functionaries, as well as by the Governors of provinces, and the Kuni no Miyakko, together with common people, both men and women, began the construction of the Oho-uchi Misasagi.

³³12th month, 10th day. Tomi, Michi no Mabito, of Jiki-kwō-san rank, was appointed Imperial Envoy for the entertainment of the Silla guests.

³⁴This year was the year Hinoto I (24th) of the Cycle.

³⁵2nd year, 1st month, 1st day. The Prince Imperial, accompanied by the Ministers and public functionaries, went to the Palace of temporary interment and made lamentation.

³⁶2nd day. A company of priests made lament at the Palace of temporary interment.

³⁷8th day. A public great congregation was held in the Temple of Yakushi.

³⁸23rd day. The decease of the Emperor was formally announced to Kim Sang-nim and his colleagues. Kim Sang-nim and his colleagues thereupon made lament three times.

³⁹2nd month, 2nd day. The Viceroy presented the tribute from Silla. It consisted of such things as gold and silver, thin silks, cloth, skins, copper, and iron—more than ten articles in all. There were also presented separately such things as images of Buddha, all kinds of coloured fine silks, birds, and horses, more than ten articles in all. Sang-nim's presents were gold and silver, coloured stuffs, and all manner of rarities, altogether more than eighty articles.

⁴⁰10th day. Sang-nim and his colleagues were entertained in the Tsukushi Government House, and received presents of various values.

⁴¹16th day. A decree was issued, as follows:—"In future, on all days of national mourning it is absolutely necessary that abstinence should be practised."

⁴²29th day. Sang-nim and his colleagues took their departure.

⁴³3rd month, 22nd day. An ornamental chaplet was offered at the Palace of temporary interment. Ohoshima, Fujihara no Ason, pronounced a eulogy.

⁴⁴5th month, 8th day. Tök-na-ri, Kyöng-su of Pèkché was transferred to the province of Kahi.

⁴⁵6th month, 11th day. There was an Imperial decree, ordering that all prisoners throughout the Empire who had been guilty of capital crimes should have their punishment mitigated by one degree, and that those who were in prison for lighter offences should be all pardoned. Orders were given to the Empire that for this year (only) half the commuted taxes should be levied.

⁴⁶Autumn, 7th month, 11th day. By reason of the drought, there was great praying for rain.

⁴⁷20th day. The Pèkché priest Dōzō was commanded to pray for rain. Before a morning had passed, rain fell plentifully throughout the Empire.

⁴⁸8th month, 10th day. Offerings of food were made, and lament raised at the Palace of temporary interment. On this occasion Yasumaro, Ohotomo no Sukune, pronounced a eulogy.

⁴⁹11th day. Prince Ise, of Jō-dai-shi rank, was commanded to announce the state to be observed at the funeral.

⁵⁰25th day. The King of Tamna sent his Minister Kara with tribute of the productions of the country.

⁵¹9th month, 23rd day. Kara, Minister of Tamna, and his companions were entertained at the Government House of Tsukushi, and received presents of various values.

⁵²Winter, 11th month, 4th day. The Prince Imperial, accompanied by the Ministers and public functionaries, as well as by the guests from the frontier lands, went to the Palace of temporary interment and made lamentation. On this occasion offerings of food were made, and the Tate-fushi dance performed.

⁵³The Ministers each advanced in turn and pronounced a eulogy, setting forth the circumstances of the services rendered by their ancestors.

⁵⁴5th day. More than 190 Yemishi brought tribute on their backs, and in this fashion pronounced a eulogy.

⁵⁵11th day. Miaruji, Fuse no Ason, and Miyuki, Ohotomo no Sukune, pronounced eulogies alternately.

⁵⁶Chitoko, Tahema no Mabito, of Jiki-kwō-shi rank, in a eulogy recited the succession to the throne of the Imperial ancestors. When this ceremony was finished, the Emperor was buried in the Ohouchi Misasagi.

⁵⁷12th month, 12th day. Two hundred and thirteen Yemishi, men and women, were entertained under the tsuki tree west of the Temple of Asuka. Ranks were bestowed on them, and they received presents varying in value.

⁵⁸3rd year, Spring, 1st month, 1st day. The Empress gave audience to the ten-thousand lands in the Front Hall.

⁵⁹2nd day. The Department of Great Learning presented eighty staves.

⁶⁰3rd day. Maro and Kanawori, sons of Shiriko, of Mu-dai-shi rank, Yemishi of Kikafu in the district of Utamu in the province of Michinoku, begged permission to shave off their hair and become priests. The Empress gave order, saying:—"Maro and the other, although young, are of refined tastes, and their wishes are limited; so much so that they desire nothing but vegetable food and to observe the precepts. In accordance with their request, let them renounce the world and practise religion."

⁶¹7th day. A banquet was given to the Ministers, and presents of raiment were bestowed on them.

⁶²8th day. Norimaro, Tanaka no Ason, and his companions, who were sent as Envoys to Silla, returned from thence.

⁶³9th day. The Empress gave orders to the Governor of the province of Idzumo to send up to the capital men of the frontier lands who had met with stress of weather.

⁶⁴On this day there were presented to Dōshin, a Yemishi of Koshi, who was a Buddhist priest, an image of Buddha, one baptismal banner, one bell and one begging bowl, coloured silks, five feet of each kind, five bundles of floss silk, ten tan of cloth, ten mattocks, and one saddle.

⁶⁵Ahada no Mabito no Ason, Viceroy of Tsukushi, and others presented to the Empress 174 Hayato, with fifty fathoms of cloth, six ox hides, and fifty deer-skins.

⁶⁶15th day. The civil and military officials brought presents of firewood.

⁶⁷16th day. A meal was given to the public functionaries.

⁶⁸18th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.

⁶⁹20th day. The Empress arrived from the Palace of Yoshino.

⁷⁰2nd month, 13th day. The Empress gave orders that reliefs should be sent for the Barrier Wardens of Tsukushi who had completed their term of years.

⁷¹26th day. Prince Takeda, of Jō-kwō-shi rank, Nemaro, Hashi no Sukune, of Jiki-kwō-shi rank, Maro, Ohoyake no Ason, Fubito, Fujihara no Ason, Sakurawi, Tahema no Mabito, of Mu-dai-shi rank, Yamamori, Hodzumi no Ason, Omimaro, Nakatomi no Ason, Tayasu, Kose no Ason, and Yasumaro, Ohomiwa no Ason, were made judges.

⁷²3rd month, 24th day. There was a great amnesty for the Empire. But those crimes which were not pardoned in ordinary amnesties were excepted from this amnesty.

⁷³Summer, 4th month, 8th day. Immigrants from Silla were settled in the province of Shimotsukenu.

⁷⁴13th day. His Highness the Prince Imperial Kusakabe died.

⁷⁵20th day. Silla sent Kim To-na, of Keupson rank, and others on a mission of condolence for the decease of the Emperor Oki no Mabito. Silla sent up at the same time the student-priests Mei-sō, Kwan-chi, etc. Separately Silla sent a present of a gold-copper image of Amida, a gold-copper image of Kwan-ze-on Bosatsu, and an image of Dai-sei-shi Bosatsu, together with coloured silks and brocades.

⁷⁶22nd day. Prince Kasuga died.

⁷⁷27th day. Orders were given to the Local Governors that their labourers should be allowed four holidays in the month.

⁷⁸5th month, 22nd day. Nemaro, Hashi no Sukune, was directed to convey to the Condolence Envoys from Silla, Kim Tona, of Keupson rank, and his colleagues, an Imperial message, as follows:—"The Ministers of the Council of State, by order of the Empress, make this communication. In the first year of the reign, Norimaro, Tanaka no Ason and others were sent to announce the decease of the late Emperor. Then Silla said that the persons charged to receive an Imperial message had always had the rank of So-phan. This should also be the case on the present occasion. For this reason Norimaro and his colleagues were unable to deliver the Imperial message which was entrusted to them. Now if former matters are gone into, there is the case of the decease of the Emperor who once ruled the Empire from the Palace of Naniha, when Kose no Inamochi and his colleagues were sent to announce it. On that occasion Kim Chhyun-chhyu, of Yé-son rank, received the Imperial message, so that if it is said that an official of the rank of So-phan should receive the Imperial commands, this would be at variance with former precedent.

⁷⁹Again, when the Emperor who ruled the Empire from the Palace of Afumi died, Kim Sal-yu, of II-kil-son rank, was sent to offer condolence. But now an official of the rank of Keupson offers condolence, which again is contrary to precedent. Moreover Silla has always addressed the Emperor saying:—'Our country, since the reigns of the remote Imperial ancestors of Japan, is a land which does service, never allowing the oars of its ordered ships to become dry.' Yet now but one ship is sent, which is contrary to the ancient rule. And further in addressing the Emperor Silla has said:—'Since the reign of the remote Imperial ancestor of Japan, we have done service with pure hearts.' But you have not been careful to be thoroughly faithful in the performance of the functions originally entrusted to you. You have broken your true faith and have had wilful recourse to arts of flattery. Therefore your tribute and the separate presents are sealed up together and returned to you. However, the generous affection shown to you since the reign of the remote Imperial ancestor of this country will not be discontinued. Be therefore more and more diligent, more and more watchful, and discharge the duties entrusted to you with fear and trembling. The Celestial Court will have a still more generous affection in case the laws are honoured and observed. Do you, Tona and the rest, receive this Imperial message and deliver it to your King."

⁸⁰6th month, 1st day. Garments were presented to the Viceroy of Tsukushi and others.

⁸¹2nd day. The Imperial Prince Shiki, Sukuna-maro, Sami no Ason, of Jiki-kwō-shi rank, Mugohe, Hata no Ason, Mumakahi, Iyobe no Muraji, of Gon-kwō-shi rank, Okina, Mitsugi no Imiki, Ta-uchi, Ohotomo no Sukune, of Mu-dai-san rank, Tayasu, Kose no Ason, and others were appointed Commissioners for the choice of good words.

⁸²29th day. Presents of rice, varying in value in each case, were given to Hsü Shou-yen, Sa Hung-k‘o, and others of the Land of Great Thang.

⁸³20th day. The Empress commanded the Viceroy Ahada no Mabito no Ason and others to give the student-priests Mei-sō and Kwan-chi each 140 kin of floss silk to send to their teachers and friends in Silla.

⁸⁴23rd day. The Silla Condolence Envoys Tona and his colleagues were entertained at Wo-gohori in Tsukushi and were given presents, varying in the case of each.

⁸⁵29th day. A book of legal enactments in twenty-two volumes was distributed to all the Local Governors.

⁸⁶Autumn, 7th month, 1st day. In accordance with his request, the Buddhist priest Jitoku, Yemishi of Michinoku, was granted a gold-copper image of Yakushi Butsu and a gold-copper image of Kwanze-on Bosatsu, a bell, a dish, a precious curtain, an incense burner, and a banner.

⁸⁷On this day, the Silla Condolence Envoys Kim Tona and his colleagues took their departure.

⁸⁸15th day. Orders were given to the Mayors of the Right and Left divisions of the capital and to the Governors of the provinces to build places for the practice of archery.

⁸⁹20th day. The false Palace guard, Kashihabara no Hiroyama by name, a man of the district of Shibukaha in the province of Kahachi, was banished to the province of Tosa. The rank of Tsui-kwō-san was conferred on Tora, Mibu no Muraji, the Palace guard who arrested the false Palace guard Hiroyama.

⁹⁰23rd day. Presents were given to Yatsurina and others, Yemishi of Koshi, varying in value in the case of each.

⁹¹8th month, 2nd day. The public functionaries assembled in the Department of the Shintō religion, where an Imperial message was communicated to them respecting matters of the Gods of Heaven and Earth.

⁹²4th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.

⁹³16th day. Hunting and fishing were prohibited in the sea of Muko in the province of Settsu for a distance of 1000 paces, for a space of 20,000 shiro on the plain of Nagino in the district of Ate in the province of Kiï, and for a space of 20,000 shiro on the plains of Minono in the district of Iga in the province of Iga. Keepers were attached to these places in the same way as to the Sea of Takashi in the district of Ohotori in the province of Kahachi.

⁹⁴17th day. The Ministers received rewards, varying in the case of each.

⁹⁵21st day. The Empress gave orders to the Governor-General of Iyo, Norimaro Tanaka no Ason, and his colleagues, saying:—"Let the white swallow caught in the district of Mike in the province of Sanuki be set at liberty."

⁹⁶23rd day. The Empress witnessed archery.

⁹⁷Intercalary 8th month, 10th day. The Empress gave orders to the Local Governors, saying:—"This winter the registers of population are to be made up. Not later than the 9th month, let vagabonds be sought out and arrested. As to the militia, let those of each province be divided into four parts, and having selected one of these, cause the men to be trained in warlike exercises."

⁹⁸27th day. Prince Kahachi, of Jō-kwō-shi rank, was made Viceroy of Tsukushi. He was granted arms and received presents. The rank of Jiki-kwō-ichi was bestowed on Shima, Tajihi no Mabito, of Jiki-kwō-ni rank. His fief was increased by 100 houses, which were added to his former grant.

⁹⁹9th month, 10th day. Maro, Iso no Kami no Ason, of Jiki-kwō-san rank, Mushina, Ishikaha no Ason, of Jiki-kwō-shi rank, and others were sent to Tsukushi to deliver patents of rank and also to inspect the new castle.

¹⁰⁰Winter, 10th month, 11th day. The Empress visited the Castle of Takayasu.

¹⁰¹22nd day. Komaro, Shimotsukenu no Ason, of Jiki-kwō-shi rank, represented to the Empress his desire to set free 600 slaves. His petition was granted.

¹⁰²11th month, 22nd day. Ihanari, Takata no Obito, of Tsui-kwō-ni rank, was complimented in the market-place on his proficiency in the use of the three weapons, and presents were given him.

¹⁰³12th month, 8th day. The game of suguroku was prohibited.

¹⁰⁴4th year, Spring, 1st month, 1st day. Mononobe no Maro no Ason set up great shields. Nakatomi no Ohoshima no Ason, Minister of the Department of the Shintō religion, recited (a prayer invoking) blessings from the Gods of Heaven. When this was over, Shikofuchi, Imbe no Sukune, delivered to the Empress-consort the divine seal, sword and mirror. The Empress-consort accordingly assumed the Imperial Dignity. The Ministers and public functionaries ranged in order, made obeisance in rotation, and clapped their hands.

¹⁰⁵2nd day. The Ministers and public functionaries presented their respects at Court with the same state as at the New Year's audience.

¹⁰⁶Tajihi no Shima no Mabito and Fuse no Miaruji no Ason presented their congratulations to the Empress on her accession to the throne.

¹⁰⁷3rd day. A banquet was given to the Ministers in the inner precinct.

¹⁰⁸7th day. A banquet was given to the Ministers in the inner precinct, and presents of clothing given them.

¹⁰⁹15th day. The public functionaries presented firewood.

¹¹⁰17th day. There was a general amnesty throughout the Empire. It did not apply, however, to those criminals who are excepted from ordinary pardons.

¹¹¹One grade of rank was granted to all persons who already held official rank.

¹¹²Widows, orphans, lone persons, sufferers from grave illness, and those who from poverty were unable to support themselves were granted presents of rice, and exempted from commuted taxes and forced labour.

¹¹³20th day. One hundred tokibe were appointed to the Department of Justice.

¹¹⁴23rd day. Offerings were distributed to the Gods of Heaven and the Gods of Earth in the Home provinces. Moreover, the lands and houses allotted for their service were augmented.

¹¹⁵2nd month, 5th day. The Empress went to the embankment of Wakinokami and inspected the horses of the Ministers and Daibu.

¹¹⁶11th day. A Buddhist priest of Silla named Chön-kil, Peuk Cho-chi, of Keupson rank, and others, fifty persons in all, immigrated to Japan.

¹¹⁷17th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.

¹¹⁸19th day. A feast of vegetarian food was given within the inner precinct.

¹¹⁹25th day. Hö-man, of Han Nama rank, and other Silla men, twelve persons in all, who had come as immigrants, were settled in the province of Musashi.

¹²⁰3rd month, 20th day. Rice of the Shima Palace was given to those inhabitants of the capital and the Home provinces who were eighty years of age and upwards. Each person had twenty sheaves, and those who had official rank received in addition two tan of cloth.

¹²¹Summer, 4th month, 3rd day. Envoys were sent to worship the great abstinence Deity of Hirose and the Wind-gods of Tatsuta.

¹²²7th day. Presents of rice were made to 5031 old men and old women of the capital and Home provinces. Each person had twenty sheaves.

¹²³14th day. An edict was issued, as follows:—"Let all public functionaries and people of the Home provinces be divided into nine classes according to the number of days in which they have done service. In the case of those who have official rank, reckoning is to be made for six years, and not longer, and in the case of those of no rank, for seven years only. In accordance with the regulations for the examination of public service, let those of the first four classes receive cap-rank in proportion to their merits, their services, and the importance of the House to which they belong. Their court costume shall be dark purple for those from the rank of Jō-dai-ichi down to that of Kwō-ni, bright purple for those from the rank of Jō-dai-san to that of Kwō-shi, for the eight Shō grades bright purple, for the eight Jiki grades dark red, for the eight Gon grades dark green, for the eight Mu grades light green, for the eight Tsui grades deep blue, and for the eight Shin grades light blue. Apart from this, those of Jō-kwō-ni or higher rank may wear all manner of thin silk gauzes, etc., of one breadth and one kind, while those from the rank of Jō-dai-san to that of Jiki-kwō-shi may wear all manner of thin silk gauzes, etc., of one breadth and two kinds. Both the higher and lower ranks should ordinarily wear girdles of variegated silk and white trousers. Other matters to remain as usual."

¹²⁴22nd day. By reason of a drought, rain was begun to be prayed for in various places.

¹²⁵5th month, 3rd day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

¹²⁶10th day. Twenty-one immigrants from Pèkché, men and women, arrived.

¹²⁷15th day. Discourses on "dwelling in peace" were begun in the inner precinct.

¹²⁸6th month, 6th day. The Empress visited Hatsuse.

¹²⁹25th day. All persons whatever, possessed of official rank, were summoned, and the order of their rank and their ages proclaimed.

¹³⁰Autumn, 7th month, 1st day. The Ministers and public functionaries put on the new Court costume for the first time.

¹³¹3rd day. Offerings were distributed to the Gods of Heaven and the Gods of Earth.

¹³²5th day. The Imperial Prince Takechi was made Dajō-daijin, the rank of Shō-kwō-san was granted to Tajihi no Mabito, and he was made Udaijin. New appointments were also made to all the eight Departments of State and the bureaus.

¹³³6th day. New appointments were made of viceroys and governors of provinces.

¹³⁴7th day. An Imperial Order was made that the Ministers, public functionaries, and all persons holding official rank should in future put on their Court costumes in their own houses, and so present themselves before the opening of the gate.

¹³⁵9th day. An Imperial edict was issued, as follows:—"When those occupying the higher places at a Court assembly see a Prince of the Blood, the usual ceremony is to be observed; when a Daijin and a Prince appear, every one should stand up before the Hall; if two or more Princes appear, every one should get down from his seat and kneel."

¹³⁶14th day. An Imperial edict was issued, as follows:—"When those occupying the higher places at a Court assembly see a Daijin, they should move their seats and kneel down."

¹³⁷On this day alms of coarse silk, raw silk, floss silk, and cloth were given to 3363 priests of the seven temples who had taken part in the "retreat." Separately alms were bestowed, on behalf of the Prince Imperial, on 329 priests of three temples who had taken part in the "retreat."

¹³⁸18th day. Envoys were sent to worship the Great Abstinence Deity of Hirose, and the Wind-gods of Tatsuta.

¹³⁹8th month, 4th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.

¹⁴⁰11th day. Silla immigrants were settled in the province of Shimotsukenu.

¹⁴¹9th month, 1st day. An edict was addressed to the governors of all the provinces, as follows:—"In preparing the returns of population, let the house-regulations be attended to."

¹⁴²11th day. A decree was issued, as follows:—"As We are about to make a tour in the province of Kiï, let no land-tax or poll-tax be collected for the year in the capital."

¹⁴³13th day. The Empress proceeded to Kiï.

¹⁴⁴23rd day. Three priests who had gone to the Land of Great Thang for study, named Chi-shiu, Gi-toku, and Jō-gwan, and a private soldier named Ohotomobe no Hakama, of the district of Upper Yame in the province of Tsukushi, returned to Tsukushi in the train of the Silla Escort Envoy, Kim Ko-hun, of Tè-na-ma rank.

¹⁴⁵24th day. The Empress returned from Kiï.

¹⁴⁶Winter, 10th month, 5th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.

¹⁴⁷10th day. Chi-shiu and the other priests who had been to Thang for study arrived in the capital.

¹⁴⁸15th day. Messengers were sent to Prince Kahachi, Viceroy of Tsukushi, and his colleagues with the following order:—"In entertaining the Silla Escort Envoy, Kim Ko-hun, of Tè-na-ma rank, and his colleagues, let the precedent be followed of the Escort Envoy, who escorted up the student Wohi, Hashi no Sukune, and his companions. The attentions paid them and the presents given them must follow strictly the edict."

¹⁴⁹22nd day. An Imperial order was given to Ohotomobe no Hakama, a private soldier of the district of Upper Yame in the province of Tsukushi, saying:—"You were taken prisoner by the Thang troops in the seventh year of the reign of the Empress Ame toyo-takara-ikashi-hi-tarashi-hime during the campaign undertaken for the assistance of Pèkché. At length, in the third year of the Emperor Ame mikoto hirakasu wake, the four men Hoto Hashi, no Muraji, Oyu, Kohori no Muraji, Satsuyama, Tsukushi no Kimi, and Gen Jitsu-ni, Yuge no Muraji, wished to inform the Emperor of the designs of the men of Thang, but, as they had neither clothing nor provisions, they were, to their sorrow, unable to carry out their purpose. Upon this you, Hakama, said to Hashi no Hoto and the others, 'I should like to return to our own Court along with you, but for want of clothing and provisions we cannot all depart together. I pray you, sell me as a slave, and use the money to buy food and clothing.' Acting on your proposal, Hoto and his companions were enabled to communicate with the Celestial Court, and you alone remained in a foreign land for the space of thirty years until now. We are pleased with the loyalty and patriotism which led you to sell yourself, and thus display your fidelity. As a mark of distinction for this meritorious service We therefore grant you the rank of Mu-dai-shi, with five pieces of coarse silk, ten bundles of floss silk, thirty tan of cloth, 1000 sheaves of rice, and four chō of rice-land, to be continued to your great-grandchildren, and your relations of the three classes are exempted from forced labour."

¹⁵⁰29th day. The Imperial Prince Takechi inspected the site for the Palace of Fujihara. He was accompanied by the Ministers and public functionaries.

¹⁵¹11th month, 7th day. Presents were given to the Escort Envoy Kim Ko-hun and his colleagues, of varying value in the case of each.

¹⁵²11th day. In compliance with an Imperial order, the use of the Yüan-kia and I-fêng calendars was begun.

¹⁵³12th month, 3rd day. The Escort Envoy Kim Ko-hun and his colleagues took their departure.

¹⁵⁴12th day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

¹⁵⁵14th day. The Empress returned from the Palace of Yoshino.

¹⁵⁶19th day. The Empress went to Fujihara, and inspected the site for the Palace. All the Ministers and public functionaries accompanied her.

¹⁵⁷23rd day. Presents were given to the Ministers and officials of lower rank, varying in value in the case of each.

¹⁵⁸5th year, Spring, 1st month, 1st day. Ranks were bestowed on the Princes of the Blood, the Ministers, the Princesses of the Blood, the Princesses, and the lady officials of the Palace.

¹⁵⁹7th day. Presents of eatables, drinkables, and clothing were given to the Ministers. Rich presents varying in value in the case of each were made to Yö Syön-kwang, of Shō-kwō-shi rank, and to Wön-pong, Nyang-no, and Nam-chyön, of Jiki-dai-shi rank, Princes of Pèkché.

¹⁶⁰13th day. An increase of 2000 houses was made to the fief of the Imperial Prince Takechi, which, added to his previous fief, made 3000 houses. To the Imperial Prince Hodzumi, of Jō-kwō-ni rank, there were given 500 houses; to the Imperial Prince Kahashima, of Jō-dai-san rank, 100 houses, which, added to his previous fief, made 500 houses; to the Udaijin, Tajihi no Shima Mabito, of Shō-kwō-san rank, 300 houses, which, added to his previous fief, made 500 houses; to the Pèkché Prince Chyön-kwang, of Shō-kwō-shi rank, 100 houses, which, added to his previous fief, made 200 houses; to Fuse no Miaruji no Ason, of Jiki-dai-ichi rank, and to Ohotomo no Miyuki no Sukune, 80 houses, which, added to their previous fiefs, made 300 houses. Others received additions to their fiefs which varied in amount for each.

¹⁶¹14th day. An edict was made, as follows:—"Masaru, Tsukushi no Fubito, of Jiki-kwō-shi rank, ever since his appointment twenty-nine years ago as Secretary to the Viceroy of Tsukushi, has been upright and faithful, and has not been guilty of any remissness. He is, therefore, granted a sustenance-fief of 5000 houses, fifteen pieces of coarse silk, twenty-five bundles of floss silk, fifty tan of cloth, and 5000 sheaves of rice.

¹⁶²16th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.

¹⁶³23rd day. The Empress returned from the Palace of Yoshino.

¹⁶⁴2nd month, 1st day. The Empress addressed a decree to the Ministers, saying:—"In the reigns of the former Emperors ye erected Buddhist Halls and Scripture (Sutra) Treasuries, and practised the six monthly fasts. The Emperors from time to time sent Ohotoneri to inquire after the welfare of the priests, and the same has also been done in Our own reign. Let us therefore with zealous hearts continue to uphold the Buddhist faith."

¹⁶⁵On this day patents of rank were bestowed on officials.

¹⁶⁶3rd month, 3rd day. A banquet was given to the Ministers in the Western Hall.

¹⁶⁷5th day. The Empress inspected the horses both of the State and of private persons in the Imperial park.

¹⁶⁸22nd day. An edict was issued, as follows:—"If a younger brother of the common people is sold by his elder brother, he should be classed with freemen: if a child is sold by his parents, he should be classed with slaves: persons confiscated into slavery by way of payment of interest on debts are to be classed with freemen, and their children, though born of a union with a slave, are also to be all classed with freemen."

¹⁶⁹Summer, 4th month, 1st day. An edict was issued, as follows:—"Slaves who have been manumitted in the time of the ancestor of a House, and already struck off the register of slaves, may not be claimed again as slaves by members of that House."

¹⁷⁰Kudara, Kami no Sukuri, Doctor of the University, was granted 1000 sheaves of the greater tax-rice, as an encouragement to his learning.

¹⁷¹11th day. Envoys were sent to worship the Great Abstinence Deity of Hirose, and the Wind-gods of Tatsuta.

¹⁷²16th day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

¹⁷³22nd day. The Empress returned from the Palace of Yoshino.

¹⁷⁴5th month, 21st day. Syun-mu-mi-chă of Pèkché was commended for his services during the year Midzunoye Saru, was granted the rank of Jiki-dai-san, and received presents of coarse silk and cloth.

¹⁷⁵6th month. Sleet fell in forty places in the capital and provinces.

¹⁷⁶19th day. An edict was issued, as follows:—"This summer profuse rain has fallen beyond measure, and We fear that certainly injury will be caused to the grain-crops. Our anxiety of the night lasts until the morning, as We ponder where the blame for this lies. Now We command you, our Ministers and functionaries, to prohibit the use of strong drink and animal food, to compose your hearts and repent of your sins. Moreover let the priests of the Temples of the capital and of the Home provinces read the Sutras for a space of five days. It may be hoped that this will have some effect."

¹⁷⁷The rain had lasted from the fourth month until this month.

¹⁷⁸20th day. A general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the Empire. Thieves and robbers were, however, excepted.

¹⁷⁹Autumn, 7th month, 3rd day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino. On this day, Norimaro, Tanaka no Ason, Governor of the province of Iyo, and others presented three kin and eight riō of silver and a basket of ore of Mount Mimŭma-yama in the district of Uwa.

¹⁸⁰7th day. A banquet was given to the Ministers and presents of Court dress made them.

¹⁸¹12th day. The Empress arrived from Yoshino.

¹⁸²15th day. Envoys were sent to worship the Great Abstinence Deity of Hirose and the Wind-gods of Tatsuta.

¹⁸³8th month, 13th day. The Empress commanded eighteen Houses [Oho-miwa, Sazaibe, Iso no Kami, Fujihara, Ishikaha, Kose, Kashihade be, Kasuga, Kamitsukenu, Ohotomo, Ki, Abe, Saheki, Uneme, Hodzumi, Adzumi, Heguri, and Hata] to deliver to her the records of the tombs of their ancestors.

¹⁸⁴23rd day. Envoys were sent to worship the Wind-gods of Tatsuta, and the Gods of Suha and Minuchi, in Shinano.

¹⁸⁵9th month, 4th day. Hsü Shou-yen and Sa Hung-k‘o, of Great Thang, Professors of pronunciation, and Mal-sǎ and Chyön-sin, of Pèkché, Professors of writing, received presents of twenty riō of silver each.

¹⁸⁶9th day. The Imperial Prince Kahashima, of Jō-dai-san rank, died.

¹⁸⁷23rd day. The posthumous rank of Jiki-dai-ni was granted to Ohome, Saheki no Sukune, and also a contribution made for his funeral expenses.

¹⁸⁸Winter, 10th month, 1st day. There was an eclipse of the sun.

¹⁸⁹8th day. A decree was issued, as follows:—"Let the houses set apart for the care of the misasagi of former Emperors be five or more in number; in the case of others, viz. princes of distinguished merit, let three houses be allotted. If the misasagi houses are insufficient, let the want be supplied by peasants, whose forced labour shall be remitted, and who shall be changed once in three years."

¹⁹⁰13th day. Long-life places, each of 1000 paces, were instituted in the Home and other provinces.

¹⁹¹On this day the Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

¹⁹²20th day. The Empress returned from Yoshino.

¹⁹³27th day. Envoys were sent to perform a service for the tranquillity of the new capital.

¹⁹⁴11th month, 24th day. The festival of first-fruits was held. Ohoshima, Nakatomi no Ason, Minister of the Department of the Shintō religion, recited the (prayer invoking the) blessing of the Heavenly Deities.

¹⁹⁵25th day. Bed-clothes were presented to the Ministers.

¹⁹⁶28th day. Thin silks were given to all from the rank of Minister down to that of Secretary. They varied in value for each.

¹⁹⁷30th day. An entertainment was given to the officials of the Shintō Department from the Chief down to the Kamibe, and also to the Governors and others, including common people, both men and women, of the districts of the provinces of Harima and Inaba which had furnished (the rice used at the festival). They received presents of thin silk of various values for each.

¹⁹⁸12th month, 2nd day. Toku Ji-chin, of Mu-dai-san rank, Doctor of Medicine, and Mokuso, Chō-mu, Shataku, and Manjiu, Professors of exorcism, were given presents of twenty riō of silver each.

¹⁹⁹8th day. A decree was issued, as follows:—"To the Udaijin let there be given four chō of land as a site for a house, to those of the rank of Jiki-kwō-ni and above, two chō, to those of the rank of Jiki-dai-san and below, one chō. From the Gon grades down to officials who have no rank, let the number of inhabitants of their fiefs be taken as a guide, first class fiefs having one chō, second class half a chō, and third class a quarter of a chō. Princes shall follow the same rule."

²⁰⁰6th year, Spring, 1st month, 4th day. The Imperial Prince Takechi was granted an additional fief of 2000 houses, making, along with his previous one, a total of 5000 houses.

²⁰¹7th day. An entertainment was given to the Ministers, and they received presents of garments.

²⁰²12th day. The Empress inspected the road to the new capital.

²⁰³16th day. An entertainment was given to officials from the Ministers down to those of initial rank.

²⁰⁴27th day. The Empress visited Takamiya.

²⁰⁵28th day. The Empress returned from Takamiya.

²⁰⁶2nd month, 11th day. Orders were given to the officials, saying:—"It is Our intention to proceed to Ise on the third day of the third month. Take note of this Our purpose, and get ready all the necessary clothing."

²⁰⁷The priests Hō-zō and Dō-ki, Professors of the Yin and Yang, received presents of twenty riō of silver each.

²⁰⁸19th day. Orders were given to the Board of Punishments to release short-sentence prisoners.

²⁰⁹On this day, the Chunagon, Takechi-maro, Miwa no Ason, of Jiki-dai-ni rank, presented a memorial in which he made bold to remonstrate roundly with the Empress for her proposed visit to Ise, which he said would interfere with the time for agricultural operations.

²¹⁰3rd month, 3rd day. Prince Hirose, of Jō-kwō-shi rank, Chitoko, Tahema no Mabito, of Jiki-kwō-san rank, and Yumibari, Ki no Ason, of Jiki-kwō-shi rank, were appointed to take charge of the Palace during the Empress's absence. Upon this the Chunagon, Takechi-maro, Miwa no Ason, divested himself of his cap-rank and delivered it up to the Court, reiterating his remonstrance, and saying:—"During the season of agricultural operations the (Imperial) chariot should not be moved."

²¹¹6th day. The Empress did not yield to his remonstrances, but at length proceeded to Ise.

²¹²17th day. The Empress bestowed cap-rank on the Miyakko of the sacred districts through which she had passed, and on the Miyakko of the provinces of Iga, Ise, and Shima. These places were also released from commuted taxes and forced labour for this year. Moreover the commuted taxes and forced labour for the year were remitted in the case of the horsemen provided for the Empress's service, the baggage-coolies of her officials, and the labourers employed in constructing temporary Palaces. There was a general pardon for the Empire, which, however, did not comprise thieves and robbers.

²¹³19th day. Fifty sheaves of rice for each person were presented to men and women of eighty years of age and upwards, common people of the province of Shima, through which the Empress passed.

²¹⁴20th day. The Imperial chariot returned to the Palace. Wherever it had reached, the officials and people of the district were assembled, and care was taken to reward their diligence and to have musical performances.

²¹⁵30th day. By an Imperial decree, the commuted taxes and forced labour for this year were remitted to those houses from which horsemen had been provided for the Empress's service in the provinces of Afumi, Mino, Wohari, Mikaha, and Tōtōmi, to the baggage-coolies and to the labourers employed in constructing temporary Palaces in every province. An Imperial decree was also made that three sheaves of rice for each man, and two for each woman, should be given to all poor and distressed common people in the Empire.

²¹⁶Summer, 4th month, 2nd day. The posthumous rank of Jiki-dai-ni was bestowed on Tomokuni, Ohotomo no Sukune, and a contribution made towards his funeral expenses.

²¹⁷5th day. With the exception of common people of the four Home provinces, the men who had acted as baggage-coolies were exempted from commuted taxes and forced labour for the year.

²¹⁸19th day. Messengers were sent to pray to the Great Abstinence Deity of Hirose and to the Wind-gods of Tatsuta.

²¹⁹21st day. Mattocks from the Naniha Treasury were given to all persons of official rank, from Princes of the Blood down to the rank of Tsui-kwō-shi. These gifts varied in each case.

²²⁰25th day. By an Imperial edict all prisoners and persons under sentence of lighter banishment were pardoned and discharged.

²²¹5th month, 6th day. Three brothers, named Kahasemaro, etc., fishermen of Agoshi, inhabitants of the district of Muro in the province of Kiï, who had supplied the Empress's table during her stay in the temporary Palace of Ago, were granted exemption for ten years from commuted taxes and forced labour, and from miscellaneous corvées. Further, eight boatmen had their commuted taxes and forced labour remitted for the year.

²²²7th day. The Governor of the province of Sagami presented a pair of fledgling red crows, saying that they had been caught in the district of Miura.

²²³12th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.

²²⁴16th day. The Imperial chariot returned to the Palace.

²²⁵17th day. Daibu were sent as messengers to the celebrated mountains, and to the hills and rivers, to pray to them for rain.

²²⁶20th day. Chitoko, Fumi no Imiki, was granted the posthumous rank of Jiki-dai-ichi, and a contribution made towards the expenses of his funeral.

²²⁷23rd day. Prince Naniha, of Jō-kwō-shi rank, and others were sent to perform a service for the tranquillity of the site of the Palace of Fujihara.

²²⁸26th day. Envoys were sent to make offerings to the Great Gods of the following four places, viz.: Ise, Yamato, Sumiyoshi, and Kiï, and to announce to them the erection of the new Palace.

²²⁹Intercalary 5th month, 3rd day. Great floods. Commissioners were sent to visit the districts and provinces, one after another, making loans to those who, having met with disaster, were unable to support themselves, and allowing them to fish and cut wood in the hills and forests, the ponds and marshes.

²³⁰An Imperial order was given that the Kin-kwō-miō Sutra should be expounded in the capital and in the four Home provinces.

²³¹4th day. The Buddhist priest Kwan-sei was given a present of fifteen hiki of coarse silk, thirty bundles of floss silk, and fifty tan of cloth, and he was commended for having made white lead.

²³²13th day. The Great Gods of Ise addressed the Empress, saying:—"Let the commuted taxes and forced labour for the province of Ise be remitted for this year. That being so, the thirty-five kin of red silk yarn forwarded by the two districts of the Gods should be reduced in value from next year."

²³³15th day. An Imperial order was given to Prince Kahachi, Viceroy of Tsukushi, and the rest, saying:—"Let priests be sent to Ohosumi and Ata to propagate the Buddhist religion." He was further made to send up to the capital the image of Amida, made by the Great Thang Chief Envoy Kuo Wu-ts‘ung, for the Emperor who lived in the Palace of Ohotsu in Afumi.

²³⁴6th month, 9th day. The senior officials of the districts and provinces were commanded each to pray to the celebrated mountains, and to the hills and rivers for rain.

²³⁵11th day. Daibu were sent as Envoys to the four Home provinces to pray for rain.

²³⁶21st day. Official rank was granted to eight labourers, and they were commended for their diligence and absence of remissness in the construction of the Ohouchi Misasagi.

²³⁷30th day. The Empress inspected the site of the Fujihara Palace.

²³⁸Autumn, 7th month, 2nd day. A general amnesty was granted throughout the Empire. But this pardon did not apply to those guilty of the ten crimes, nor to thieves and robbers.

²³⁹Shikofuchi, Fuse no Ason, Governor of the province of Sagami, and others, with the Vice-Governor of the district of Miura, and Kusu, Kashima no Omi, who had caught the red crows, had rank and presents bestowed on them. Moreover the commuted taxes and forced labour were remitted to the district of Miura for three years.

²⁴⁰7th day. A banquet was given to the Ministers.

²⁴¹9th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.

²⁴²11th day. Envoys were sent to pray to Hirose and Tatsuta.

²⁴³28th day. The Imperial car returned to the Palace.

²⁴⁴On this night Mars and Jupiter approached and receded from one another four times in the room of one pace, alternately shining and disappearing.

²⁴⁵8th month, 3rd day. Criminals were pardoned.

²⁴⁶17th day. The Empress visited the country-house of the Imperial Princess Asuka, and on the same day returned to the Palace.

²⁴⁷9th month, 9th day. Daibu were despatched to the four Home provinces, to attend to the distribution of rice-lands.

²⁴⁸14th day. The Department of the Shintō religion laid before the Empress four volumes of sacred treasures, nine keys, and one wooden stamp.

²⁴⁹21st day. The Governor of the province of Ise presented two auspicious stalks of rice.

²⁵⁰The Governor of the province of Echizen presented a white moth.

²⁵¹26th day. An Imperial decree was made, saying:—"Whereas a white moth has been caught on the shore at Uragami in the district of Tsunuga, the fief of the God of Kebi is increased by twenty houses, making a total, with those already attached to his shrine, of ——.

²⁵²Winter, 10th month, 11th day. Mikata, Yamada no Fubito, was granted the rank of Mu-kwō-shi. He had formerly gone to study in Silla as a priest.

²⁵³12th day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

²⁵⁴19th day. The Imperial car returned to the Palace.

²⁵⁵11th month, 8th day. Silla sent Pak Ök-tök, and Kim Sim-sal, of Keupson rank, etc., as tribute-bearers. Presents were made of various values to Oyu, Okinaga no Mabito, of Jiki-kwō-shi rank, and to Tsura, Kahachi no Imiki, of Mu-dai-ni rank, etc., whom it was proposed to send as Envoys to Silla.

²⁵⁶11th day. Pak Ök-tök, of Silla, was entertained, and received presents in the official building of Naniha.

²⁵⁷12th month, 14th day. Hsü Shou-yen and Sa Hung-k‘o, Professors of (Chinese) pronunciation, received grants of rice-land, four chō being given to each.

²⁵⁸24th day. Daibu were sent to deliver the tribute from Silla to the five shrines of Ise, Sumiyoshi, Kiï, Yamato, and Unatari.

²⁵⁹7th year, Spring, 1st month, 2nd day. The rank of Jō-kwō-ichi was bestowed on the Imperial Prince Takechi, and that of Jō-kwō-ni on the Imperial Princes Naga and Yuge.

²⁶⁰On this day an Imperial edict was issued directing that the common people of the Empire should wear yellow clothing and that slaves should wear black.

²⁶¹7th day. An entertainment was given to the Ministers and Daibu.

²⁶²13th day. Presents were given to all persons of official rank in the capital and in the Home provinces of the age of eighty years and upwards. Each person received one wadded sleeping garment, two hiki of coarse silk, two bundles of floss silk, and four tan of cloth.

²⁶³15th day. The posthumous rank of Shō-kwō-san was granted to Syön-kwang, Prince of Pèkché, and a contribution made towards his funeral expenses.

²⁶⁴16th day. Presents of cloth of various values were made to the men and women of the capital of the age of eighty or upwards, and to poor and distressed persons.

²⁶⁵A priest of Funase named Hō-kyō was given three chō of rice-land.

²⁶⁶On this day, men of Aya gave a performance of Arare-bashiri.

²⁶⁷2nd month, 3rd day. Silla sent Kim Kang-nam, of Sason rank, and Kim Yang-wön, of Han-na-ma rank, to announce the mourning for the King.

²⁶⁸10th day. Prince Kinunuhi and his colleagues, the Commissioners for the construction of the capital, were ordered to bury the bodies which had been dug up.

²⁶⁹30th day. Thirty-seven castaways from Silla, named Muchă, Monyé, etc., were handed over to Ök-tök and his party.

²⁷⁰3rd month, 1st day. There was an eclipse of the sun.

²⁷¹5th day. A sustenance-fief of thirty houses was granted to Kudara, Kami no Sukuri, Doctor of the University, of Gon-kwō-ni rank, for the promotion of Chinese learning.

²⁷²6th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.

²⁷³11th day. The rank of Jiki-dai-ni, and a contribution for funeral expenses, were granted to Ohoshima, Fujihara no Ason.

²⁷⁴13th day. The Empress arrived from the Palace of Yoshino.

²⁷⁵16th day. Presents of coarse silk, floss silk, and cloth of various values were given to Oyu, Okinaga no Mabito, of Jiki-kwō-shi rank, and Kogimi, Ohotomo no Sukune, of Gon-dai-ni rank, whom it was proposed to send as Envoys to Silla, and also to the student priests Bentsū and Shinyei.

²⁷⁶Moreover, a present was made for the funeral expenses of the King of Silla.

²⁷⁷17th day. An Imperial decree was issued directing that the cultivation throughout the Empire of such vegetable productions as the mulberry tree, hemp, pears, chestnuts, and greens, should be encouraged, as auxiliaries to the five grains.

²⁷⁸Summer, 4th month, 17th day. Daibu were sent as Envoys to visit the shrines and to pray for rain. Moreover, Envoys were sent to pray to the Great Abstinence Deity of Hirose, and to the Wind-gods of Tatsuta.

²⁷⁹22nd day. Ohotomo no Wobito, Vice-President of the Inner Treasury, was by an Imperial decree convicted of dishonest practices, reduced two grades in rank, and dismissed from the office he then held. Two clerks named Oisome no Ohoku and Uno no Ohotomo were also convicted of dishonest practices, reduced one grade in rank, and dismissed from the office which they then held. An auditor named Kose no Muraharu, who, although he derived no personal advantage from it, was privy to the theft, and allowed it to be committed, was therefore reduced in rank by two grades and dismissed from his office. Oisome no Ohoku, however, was pardoned, on account of his zealous services during the campaign of the year Midzunoye Saru. But the proceeds of the dishonest practices were confiscated according to law.

²⁸⁰5th month, 1st day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.

²⁸¹7th day. The Empress arrived from the Palace of Yoshino.

²⁸²15th day. A public (Buddhist) great-congregation was held within the inner precinct.

²⁸³6th month, 1st day. By an Imperial order the Koryö priest Pok-ka was restored to the laity.

²⁸⁴4th day. The rank of Jiki-kwō-shi was bestowed on Hirome, Hikeda no Ason, Karita, Mori no Kimi, Maro, Kose no Ason, Omi-maro, Fujihara no Ason, Tayasu, Kose no Ason, Ikemori, Tajihi no Mabito, and Maro, Ki no Ason, in all seven persons.

²⁸⁵Autumn, 7th month, 7th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.

²⁸⁶12th day. Envoys were sent to pray to the Great Abstinence Deity of Hirose and to the Wind-gods of Tatsuta.

²⁸⁷14th day. Daibu were sent as Envoys to visit the various shrines and pray for rain.

²⁸⁸16th day. Daibu were sent as Envoys to visit the various shrines and pray for rain. On this day the Empress arrived from Yoshino.

²⁸⁹8th month, 1st day. The Empress went to the site of the Palace of Fujihara.

²⁹⁰17th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.

²⁹¹21st day. The Imperial car returned to the Palace.

²⁹²9th month, 1st day. There was an eclipse of the sun.

²⁹³5th day. The Empress went to the Peak of Tamu no Mine.

²⁹⁴6th day. The Imperial car returned to the Palace.

²⁹⁵10th day. On behalf of the Kiyomibara Emperor a public great-congregation was held within the inner precincts. All prisoners were released.

²⁹⁶16th day. The posthumous rank of Jiki-kwō-san was granted to Konoma, Kaya no Imiki, and a contribution made for his funeral expenses. In this way his services in the campaign of the year Midzunoye Saru were rewarded.

²⁹⁷Winter, 10th month, 2nd day. It was decreed that from this year onwards there should be inspections of the arms kept in store by all, beginning with the Princes of the Blood down to persons of initial rank. Those of Jō cap-rank down to Jiki cap-rank were each to have one suit of armour, one sword, one bow, one set of arrows, one elbow-pad, and one saddle-horse. Those of Gon cap-rank to Shin or initial cap-rank were each to have one sword, one bow, one set of arrows, and one elbow-pad. Such were to be their provision.

²⁹⁸23rd day. The Jin-nō Sutra was begun to be expounded in the hundred provinces. This came to a close after four days.

²⁹⁹11th month, 5th day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

³⁰⁰7th day. Presents were given to the Prince and Prime Minister, etc., of Tamna, of various values.

³⁰¹10th day. The Imperial car returned to the Palace.

³⁰²14th day. The Priests Hō-yen, Zen-ō, and Shin-gi were sent to the district of Yasu in the province of Afumi, to try the spring of cordial waters.

³⁰³23rd day. The rank of Jiki-dai-shi was bestowed on Sukuna-maro, Hikeda no Ason, of Jiki-kwō-shi rank, and he was granted a sustenance-fief of fifty houses.

³⁰⁴12th month, 21st day. Professors of the art of war were sent to give instruction and training in the various provinces.

³⁰⁵8th year, 1st month, 2nd day. The rank of Shō-kwō-shi was granted to Miaruji, Fuse no Ason, of Jiki-dai-ichi rank, and to Miyuki, Ohotomo no Sukune, with an increase of 200 houses to the fiefs of each, amounting with those held by them previously to five hundred houses. They were also constituted the senior members of their Houses.

³⁰⁶7th day. An entertainment was given to the Ministers.

³⁰⁷15th day. The Empress received presents of firewood.

³⁰⁸16th day. An entertainment was given to the public functionaries.

³⁰⁹17th day. The men of Aya gave a performance of Arare-bashiri.

³¹⁰Those of the fifth rank and upwards had archery.

³¹¹18th day. Those of the sixth rank and downwards had archery. After four days it came to an end.

³¹²19th day. The men of Thang gave a performance of Arare-bashiri.

³¹³21st day. The Empress visited the Palace of Fujihara, and returned to the Palace on the same day.

³¹⁴23rd day. The ranks of Mu-kwō-shi, etc., were conferred on seven men of Great Thang and two Sushen (Manchus).

³¹⁵24th day. The Empress visited the Palace of Yoshino.

³¹⁶3rd month, 1st day. There was an eclipse of the sun.

³¹⁷2nd day. Maro, Ohoyake no Ason, of Jiki-kwō-shi rank, Yashima, Utena no Imiki, of Gon-dai-ni rank, and Honjitsu, Kibumi no Muraji, were appointed Governors of the mint for (copper?) cash.

³¹⁸11th day. An Imperial edict was issued, as follows:—"In all cases where persons of no official rank are appointed as District Governors, the chief officials shall receive the rank of Shin-kwō-ni, and the assistants that of Shin-dai-san."

³¹⁹16th day. The Empress made an edict, as follows:—"In the seventh year of our reign, the year Midzunoto Mi of the Cycle, a spring of cordial waters bubbled up at Mount Tsuga-yama in the district of Yasu in the province of Afumi. Persons afflicted with all manner of diseases went to stay at the Temple of Yasudera, and great numbers were healed. Therefore four chō of rice-land and sixty tan of cloth are granted to it, and the district of Yasu is exempted for this year from commuted taxes and forced labour, and from miscellaneous corvées. The local authorities, from the chief down to the clerks, are advanced one grade in rank. To those who first made proof of the spring of cordial waters, viz. Kadono no Hatsuki and the daughter of Kudara no Tsurara, these are given two hiki of coarse silk each, ten tan of cloth, and ten mattocks."

³²⁰22nd day. Offerings were presented at the various shrines.

³²¹23rd day. Presents of coarse silks and cloth, varying in value in the case of each, were made to the officials of the Department of the Shintō religion from the chief down to the Hafuri, in all 164 persons.

³²²Summer, 4th month, 5th day. The posthumous rank of Jō-dai-shi was conferred on Prince Kahachi, Viceroy of Tsukushi, and a contribution made towards his funeral expenses.

³²³7th day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

³²⁴13th day. Envoys were sent to pray to the Great Abstinence Deity of Hirose and to the Wind-gods of Tatsuta.

³²⁵14th day. The Empress arrived back from the Palace of Yoshino.

³²⁶17th day. A contribution was sent towards the funeral expenses of the Doctor of Law Dō-yen.

³²⁷5th month, 6th day. The Ministers and Daibu were entertained within the inner precincts (of the Palace).

³²⁸11th day. One hundred copies of the Kin-kwō-myō Sutra were sent and deposited in the various provinces, to be read without fail when the moon of the first month was in her first quarter. The fees (to the priests) were to be defrayed from the public revenues of the province.

³²⁹6th month, 8th day. A white copper-pheasant was presented by the district of Sarara in the province of Kahachi. The Governor and Vice-Governor of the district of Sarara received each a grade of rank and presents, and the rank of Shin-kwō-ni was granted to Karakuni, Osakabe no Miyakko, who had caught it. He also received presents.

³³⁰Autumn, 7th month, 4th day. Inspectors were sent to the provinces.

³³¹15th day. Envoys were sent to pray to the Great Abstinence Deity of Hirose and to the Wind-gods of Tatsuta.

³³²8th month, 17th day. One hundred and four priests were made to enter religion for the sake of the Imperial Princess Asuka.

³³³9th month, 1st day. There was an eclipse of the sun.

³³⁴4th day. The Empress proceeded to the Palace of Yoshino.

³³⁵22nd day. Prince Mino, of Jō-kwō-shi rank, was appointed Viceroy of Tsukushi.

³³⁶Winter, 10th month, 20th day. The rank of Shin-dai-shi was bestowed on a man of the district of Araki, in the province of Hida, named Otokunibe no Otohi, who had caught a white bat. He also received a present of four hiki of coarse silk, four bundles of floss silk, and ten tan of cloth, and his house was exempted from all forced labour whatever during his life.

³³⁷11th month, 26th day. There was an amnesty for criminals, from those guilty of capital crimes downwards.

³³⁸12th month, 6th day. The Empress removed her residence to the Palace of Fujihara.

³³⁹9th day. The public functionaries paid their respects at Court.

³⁴⁰10th day. Presents of various values were made to all from the Princes of the Blood down to the Governors of districts, consisting of coarse silk, floss silk, and cloth.

³⁴¹12th day. A banquet was given to the Ministers and Daibu.

³⁴²9th year, Spring, 1st month, 5th day. The rank of Jō-kwō-ni was conferred on the toneri of Imperial Princes.

³⁴³7th day. An entertainment was given to the Ministers and Daibu within the inner precinct (of the Palace).

³⁴⁴15th day. Firewood was presented to the Empress.

³⁴⁵16th day. An entertainment was given to the public functionaries.

³⁴⁶17th day. There was archery lasting for four days.

³⁴⁷Intercalary 2nd month, 8th day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

³⁴⁸15th day. The Imperial car returned to the Palace.

³⁴⁹3rd month, 2nd day. Silla sent Prince Kim Nyang-nim, the Po-nyöng Pak Kang-kuk, of Sal-son rank, and Kim Chyu-han and Kim Chhyung-syön, of Han-na-ma rank, to present a memorial regarding the government of their country, to offer tribute and to bring presents.

³⁵⁰11th day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

³⁵¹14th day. The Empress arrived from Yoshino.

³⁵²22nd day. Hakase, Fumi no Imiki, of Mu-kwō-ni rank, Shimo-osa no Morota, of Shin-kwō-san rank, and others were sent to Tane to obtain the barbarians' dwelling-place.

³⁵³Summer, 4th month, 9th day. Envoys were sent to pray to the Great Abstinence Deity of Hirose and to the Wind-gods of Tatsuta.

³⁵⁴17th day. The posthumous rank of Jiki-kwō-san was conferred on Yemishi, Kamo no Ason, and a contribution made towards his funeral expenses. [His original rank was Gon-dai-ichi.] The posthumous rank of Jiki-dai-shi was conferred on Akamaro, Fumi no Imiki, and a contribution made towards his funeral expenses. [His original rank was Dai-san-chiu.]

³⁵⁵5th month, 13th day. An entertainment was given to the Hayato of Oho-sumi.

³⁵⁶21st day. The Empress witnessed wrestling by the Hayato at West Tsuki no moto.

³⁵⁷6th month, 3rd day. Daibu were sent as Envoys to visit the shrines of the capital and the four Home provinces and pray for rain.

³⁵⁸16th day. Honorary gifts of various values were made to all high officials who were eighty years of age or more, or who were affected by chronic disease.

³⁵⁹18th day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

³⁶⁰26th day. The Empress arrived from Yoshino.

³⁶¹Autumn, 7th month, 23rd day. Envoys were sent to pray to the Great Abstinence Deity of Hirose and to the Wind-gods of Tatsuta.

³⁶²26th day. Presents were made of various values to the Envoys whom it was proposed to send to Silla, viz. Kenu, Wono no Ason, of Jiki-kwō-shi rank, Hakatoko, Yuki no Muraji, of Mu-dai-ni rank, and others.

³⁶³8th month, 24th day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

³⁶⁴30th day. The Empress arrived from Yoshino.

³⁶⁵9th month, 4th day. The prisons were visited, and those persons were released who were suffering sentences of minor banishment or imprisonment.

³⁶⁶6th day. Kenu, Wono no Ason, and his colleagues started for Silla.

³⁶⁷10th month, 11th day. The Empress went to Yonahari in Uda.

³⁶⁸12th day. The Empress arrived from Yonahari.

³⁶⁹12th month, 5th day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

³⁷⁰13th day. The Empress arrived from Yoshino.

³⁷¹Prince Hatsuse was granted the (posthumous) rank of Jō-dai-shi, and a contribution made for his funeral expenses.

³⁷²l0th year, Spring, 1st month, 7th day. The Ministers and Daibu were entertained.

³⁷³11th day. The rank of Jiki-dai-shi was conferred on Nam-chyön, Prince of Pèkché.

³⁷⁴15th day. Firewood was presented to the Empress.

³⁷⁵16th day. An entertainment was given to the Ministers and public functionaries.

³⁷⁶18th day. The Ministers and public functionaries had archery at the South Gate.

³⁷⁷2nd month, 3rd day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

³⁷⁸13th day. The Empress arrived from Yoshino.

³⁷⁹3rd month, 3rd day. The Empress went to the Palace of Futa-tsuki.

³⁸⁰12th day. Presents were given of coats and trousers of brocade, of dark red and deep purple coarse silks, of axes, etc., to Inari and Mushi, Yemishi of Watarijima of Koshi, and to Shirasu and Yesō, men of Sushen.

³⁸¹Summer, 4th month, 10th day. Envoys were sent to pray to the Great Abstinence Deity of Hirose and to the Wind-gods of Tatsuta.

³⁸²27th day. The rank of Tsui-dai-ni was conferred on Mononobe no Kusuri, of the district of Kazehaya in the province of Iyo, and to Mibu no Moroshi, of the district of Kahashi in the province of Higo. Moreover, each of them received presents of 4 hiki of coarse silk, 10 bundles of raw silk, 20 tan of cloth, 20 mattocks, 1000 sheaves of rice, and 4 chō of rice-land. They were excused from the commuted taxes and forced labour due from their houses. This was by way of consolation for their long sufferings in the Thang country.

³⁸³28th day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

³⁸⁴5th month, 2nd day. By Imperial command the title of Imiki was conferred on Tsunade, Hada no Miyakko, of Dai-kin-jō rank.

³⁸⁵4th day. The Empress arrived from Yoshino.

³⁸⁶8th day. The rank of Jiki-kwō-shi was conferred on Ohosumi, Wohari no Sukune, and he was also given forty chō of rice-land.

³⁸⁷13th day. The posthumous rank of Jiki-kwō-shi was granted to Momoye, Oho-koma no Muraji, and a contribution given towards his funeral expenses.

³⁸⁸6th month, 18th day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

³⁸⁹26th day. The Empress arrived from Yoshino.

³⁹⁰Autumn, 7th month, 1st day. There was an eclipse of the sun.

³⁹¹2nd day. Criminals were pardoned.

³⁹²8th day. Envoys were sent to pray to the Great Abstinence Deity of Hirose and to the Wind-gods of Tatsuta.

³⁹³10th day. His Highness the after Imperial Prince died.

³⁹⁴8th month, 25th day. The rank of Jiki-kwō-ichi was conferred on Homuchi, Oho no Omi, and presents given him as a reward for his services from the beginning, and for his strict guardianship of the barrier.

³⁹⁵9th month, 15th day. The posthumous rank of Jiki-dai-ichi was conferred on Ihose, Waka-zakurabe no Ason, and a contribution made towards his funeral expenses, in honour of his services from the beginning.

³⁹⁶Winter, 10th month, 17th day. The Udaijin, Tajihi no Mabito, was granted (permission to use) a carriage and a staff, and so in this way sympathy was shown on his retirement from office.

³⁹⁷22nd day. One hundred and twenty retainers were granted to the Udaijin, Tajihi no Mabito, of Shō-kwō-san rank; eighty each to the Dainagon, Miaruji, Abe no Ason, and Miyuki, Ohotomo no Sukune, both of Shō-kwō-shi rank, and fifty each to Maro, Iso no Kami no Ason, of Jiki-kwō-ichi rank, and Fubito, Fujihara no Ason, of Jiki-kwō-ni rank.

³⁹⁸11th month, 10th day. Thirty houses were granted as a sustenance-fief to Bendō, a priest of the Great Temple of the Great Palace.

³⁹⁹12th month, 1st day. An Imperial order was given that the Kin-kwō-myō Sutra should be expounded, and that every year on the last day of the twelfth month ten persons of a pure life should be made to enter religion.

⁴⁰⁰11th year, Spring, 1st month, 7th day. An entertainment was given to the Ministers and Daibu.

⁴⁰¹11th day. Presents of rice in ear of various values were given to all widowers, widows, orphans, and childless persons, to those suffering from grave disease, and to those who from poverty were unable to support themselves, throughout the Empire.

⁴⁰²16th day. An entertainment was given to the Ministers and public functionaries.

⁴⁰³2nd month, 28th day. Kunimi, Tahema no Mabito, of Jiki-kwō-ichi rank, was appointed Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent, Atomi, Michi no Mabito, of Jiki-kwō-san rank, was appointed Director of the Spring Palace, and Ahamochi, Kose no Ason, of Jiki-dai-shi rank, Assistant Director.

⁴⁰⁴3rd month, 8th day. A public great-congregation was held at the Eastern Palace.

⁴⁰⁵Summer, 4th month, 4th day. Ranks, from that of Jō to that of Jiki, were conferred on the selected persons (for office), discrimination being made in the case of each.

⁴⁰⁶7th day. The Empress went to the Palace of Yoshino.

⁴⁰⁷14th day. Envoys were sent to pray to Hirose and Tatsuta.

⁴⁰⁸On this day the Empress arrived from Yoshino.

⁴⁰⁹5th month, 8th day. Daibu were sent as Envoys to the various shrines to pray for rain.

⁴¹⁰6th month, 2nd day. Criminals were pardoned.

⁴¹¹6th day. An Imperial order was made that Sutras should be read in the temples of the Home provinces.

⁴¹²15th day. Persons of the fifth and lower ranks were sent to cleanse out the temples of the capital.

⁴¹³19th day. Offerings were distributed to the Gods of Heaven and Earth.

⁴¹⁴26th day. The Ministers and public functionaries began to make votive images of Buddha for the sake of the Empress's illness.

⁴¹⁵28th day. Daibu were sent as Envoys to visit the various shrines and pray for rain.

⁴¹⁶Autumn, 7th month, 7th day. At midnight, one hundred and nine habitual thieves were pardoned, and four pieces of cloth given to each. But those from the outer provinces received twenty sheaves of rice each.

⁴¹⁷12th day. Envoys were sent to pray to Hirose and Tatsuta.

⁴¹⁸29th day. The Ministers and public functionaries prepared a festival for the installation of Buddhist images in the Temple of Yakushiji.

⁴¹⁹8th month, 1st day. The Empress, having decided on this measure in the forbidden precinct, abdicated the Imperial Dignity in favour of the Prince Imperial.